| "The origin of the symbols of the planets" | On December 14, 1992, the Army Chief of Chaplains requested that an insignia be created for future Muslim chaplains, and the design a crescent was completed January 8, 1993 |
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| , Encyclopedia of United States Army Insignia and Uniforms 1996 , p | Neugebauer, Otto; Van Hoesen, H |
| Prior to its association with Islam, a crescent badge had already been used in the US military for the rank of commissary sergeant Emerson 1996:261f | "the three celestial emblems, the sun disk of Shamash Utu to the Sumerians , the crescent of Sin Nanna , and the star of Ishtar Inanna to the Sumerians " |
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| "The origin of the symbols of the planets" | Florence, Italy: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza Institute and Museum of the History of Science |
The new Moon at sunset and the old Moon at sunrise, when observed with horns pointing upward, is also known as "wet moon" in English, in an expression loaned from Hawaiian culture.